Abbas ibn Firnas ibn Wardas al-Takrani was born in Takorna from the works of Randa his origin is from a Berber family from the followers of the Umayyads and then he grew up in Cordoba and studied there, and excelled in philosophy, chemistry and
astronomy.
A contemporary of the princes Al-Hakam bin Hisham, his son Abdul-Rahman and his grandson Muhammad, and he was close to them and among the poets of the court, so that Abd al-Rahman bin al-Hakam made him his teacher for astronomy. And they called him the "sage of Andalusia. As a good poet, he was able to decipher the book of performances by Farahidi. In addition to his proficiency in the art of music and struck the lute Ibn Firnas was famous for his inventions that preceded his time.
Ibn Firnas was accused of blasphemy and heresy, and his trial was held in the Jama Masjid before the public, but it ended with his acquittal because of the exaggerations and ignorance of the accusations.
Abbas Ibn Firnas died at the end of the reign of Prince Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman.
There are stories indicating that others have tried the same thing, except that it is the brightest picture of that dream that humanity has experienced.
Although he made two wings imitating birds and actually flew for a period of time near Rusafa Palace in Cordoba, he fell and suffered some wounds from which he recovered for a while, as he failed to land safely. Although a successful flight test for a good distance.
His experience remained an important milestone and inspired many to continue this important project in order for people to explore the horizons of space and build modern aircraft and space probes.
Interest in astronomy and the planetarium
Ibn Firnas had a great interest in astronomy and excelled in it. As a result of this, he created a planetarium that simulates what is known recently as the "planetarium", which allows very similar observation of the sky in its true form and the inspection of the bodies inside a closed hall in an imaginary scene.
For this purpose, Ibn Firnas built this thing in his home from an early age in a room whose ceiling simulates the evening sky, so that the visitor can see inside it the stars, various bodies, clouds, thunderbolts and lightning, and learn about all the amazing cosmic formations.
These approximate models of the sky were made and installed by himself in his own laboratory and he was famous for them.
Other innovation and contributions
Ibn Firnas invented many inventions, including some types of rhythm pendulums, such as those used in clocks, and he also developed the water clock known as the "timetable".
However, the most important innovation he made was the development of an unprecedented method for making transparent glass from stone, which was used in many industries.
Also, within this framework of research, he was the first to manufacture eyeglasses using vision correction lenses.
He also developed a method of cutting moors and solid crystal that uses its crystals in the manufacture of lenses and astronomical perspectives, which contributed to supporting the work of astronomy in those periods, and before that this work was very hard and the Europeans benefited from his new method of cutting and it was applied in the Middle Ages and until today.
The first to create the ballpoint pen
He was also the first to create a fountain pen in history when he designed a cylinder connected to a small container through which ink flows to the end of a cylinder attached to a pointed edge for writing.
This invention was vital and important in human history, and it signifies the transition from the era of writing with a quill to the ink pen, which will then conquer the world in Europe, when it is better developed.
He also made and developed some engineering machines, such as the protractor.
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