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 Tourette syndrome

Tourette syndrome is a disorder involving repetitive movements or unwanted sounds (involuntary movements) that cannot be easily controlled. For example, you might blink frequently, raise your shoulders, or make unusual noises or offensive words.

Tics appear between the ages of 2 and 15 years, and the average is 6 years. Males are three to four times more likely to develop TS than females.

Although there is no cure for Tourette syndrome, treatments are available. Many people with TS do not need treatment when symptoms are not bothersome. The tics often decrease or become under control after the teenage years.

Symptoms

Tics - sudden, brief, intermittent movements or sounds - are the hallmark of Tourette's syndrome. They range from mild to severe. Severe symptoms may greatly interfere with communication, daily functioning, and quality of life.

Tics are classified into:

Simple tics (simple tics). These sudden, brief, and frequent tics include a limited number of muscle groups. Complex tics (complex tics). These specific and coordinated patterns of movement include many muscle groups.

Tics may also include movements (motor tics) or sounds (vocal tics). Motor tics usually begin before vocal tics. However, the spectrum of tics to which people are exposed are varied.

Motor tics common in Tourette's syndrome appear.

$ Simple tics (complex tics):

Blink of the eye (touching or smelling things)

Head twitching (noticeable repetitive movements)

Shaking of the shoulder (walking in a certain pattern) rapid eye movement (dirty signals)

Runny nose (bend or turn)

Mouth movements (jumping)

Vocal tics common in Tourette's syndrome appear:

Simple tics (tics):

Snoring (repeating someone's words or phrases)

Cough (bark)

Whimpering (using vulgar, obscene, or bad words)

In addition, tics can be:

Varying in type, frequency and severity Worsens if you are sick, stressed, anxious, tired, or excited occur during sleep Changes over time Worsens in the early teenage years, while improving during the transition into adulthood.

Before the onset of motor or vocal tics, it is possible that you will feel an uncomfortable physical feeling (a foretaste) such as itching, twitching, or tension. Expressing tics brings relief to help. After a lot of effort, some people with Tourette's syndrome can stop or curb the tic.

When to visit the doctor

You should show your child to the pediatrician if you notice that your child is making involuntary movements or sounds.

Not all tics indicate Tourette's syndrome. Many children develop tics that disappear without intervention after a few weeks or months. But whenever a child exhibits unusual behavior, it is important to determine the cause and rule out serious health problems.

the reasons

The exact cause of Tourette syndrome isn't known. This complex disorder is usually caused by a combination of inherited (genetic) traits and environmental factors. Chemicals in the brain that transmit nerve impulses (neurotransmitters), which include dopamine and serotonin, may play a role.

Risk factors

Tourette syndrome risk factors include:

Family history. Your family history of TS or supplies disorders may increase your risk of developing Tourette's syndrome. Males are three to four times more likely to develop TS than females.

Complications

Tourette syndrome usually leads to a healthy, active life. Although Tourette's syndrome includes societal and behavioral challenges that harm your self-image.

Conditions related to Tourette's syndrome include:

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Treatment for mental transmission disorder Learning difficulties Sleep disturbances Depression Anxiety disorders Pain associated with tics especially headaches Anger management problems.

treatment

There is no cure for Tourette syndrome. Treatment aims to control involuntary tics that interfere with daily activities and business performance. When tics are not severe, treatment may not be necessary.

treatment

Medicines to help control tics or reduce symptoms of related conditions include:

Medicines that block or reduce dopamine. Fluphenazine, haloperidol (Haldol), risperidone (Risperdal), and pimozide (Orrap) can also help control tics. Possible side effects include weight gain and repetitive involuntary movements. Tetrabenazine (Synazine) may be recommended, although it may cause severe depression. Injecting the affected muscle may help relieve a simple or vocal tic. Medicines for ADHD. Stimulants such as methylphenidate (CD metadata, Ritalin LA, others) and drugs containing dextroamphetamine (Adderall XR, Dexedrine, others) can help increase attention and focus. However, for some people with Tourette's syndrome, medications used to treat ADHD can exacerbate tics. Medicines such as clonidine (Catapress, Capvay) and guanfacine (Entunif) - which are often prescribed for high blood pressure - may help control symptoms.

Medicines that block or reduce dopamine. Fluphenazine, haloperidol (Haldol), risperidone (Risperdal), and pimozide (Orrap) can also help control tics. Possible side effects include weight gain and repetitive involuntary movements. Tetrabenazine (Synazine) may be recommended, although it may cause severe depression. Injecting the affected muscle may help relieve a simple or vocal tic. Medicines for ADHD. Stimulants such as methylphenidate (CD metadata, Ritalin LA, others) and drugs containing dextroamphetamine (Adderall XR, Dexedrine, others) can help increase attention and focus. However, for some people with Tourette's syndrome, medications used to treat ADHD can exacerbate tics. Medicines such as clonidine (Catapress, Capvay) and guanfacine (Entunif) - which are commonly prescribed for high blood pressure - may help control behavioral symptoms such as impulse control problems and tantrums. Side effects may include drowsiness. Antidepressants. Medicines such as fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, others) may help control symptoms of sadness, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Recent studies indicate that some people with Tourette's syndrome respond to topiramate (Topamas), which is used to treat epilepsy.

treatment

Behavioral therapy:

Cognitive-behavioral interventions for tics, including habits reversal training, can help monitor tics, identify warning triggers and learn to voluntarily move in a way that interferes with tics.

Psychotherapy:

 In addition to helping you cope with Tourette's syndrome, psychotherapy can help with associated problems such as: ADHD, obsessions, depression or anxiety Deep brain stimulation (DBS). Deep brain stimulation can aid severe tics that do not respond to other treatments. Deep brain stimulation involves implanting a medical device that works with a battery in the brain to deliver electrical stimulation to target areas that control movement. However, this treatment is still in the early research stages, and more research is needed to determine whether it is safe and effective in treating Tourette syndrome.

Coping and support

Tourette syndrome can hurt your self-esteem. You may feel embarrassed by your involuntary movements and hesitate to participate in social activities, such as dating or going out for a walk. As a result, you are at increased risk of depression and substance abuse.

Coping and support

Tourette syndrome can hurt your self-esteem. You may feel embarrassed by your involuntary movements and hesitate to participate in social activities, such as dating or going out for a walk. As a result, you are at increased risk of depression and substance abuse.

To cope with Tourette's syndrome:

Remember that these involuntary movements usually peak in early adolescence and improve as you age. Contact others who are dealing with Tourette syndrome for information, coping advice and support.

Children with Tourette's syndrome

School can present particular difficulties for children with Tourette's syndrome.

To offer a helping hand to your child:

Be the defender of the child. Help educate teachers, school bus drivers, and others with whom your child interacts regularly. An educational context that meets your child's needs - such as tutoring, randomized stress reduction testing, and smaller classes - can be of help. A pledge to raise your child's self-esteem with care. Support your child's personal interests and friendships - they both help build self-esteem. Find a support group. To help you cope, find a local Tourette syndrome support group. If there isn't any, then consider creating one.

Get ready for your appointment

If you or your child has been diagnosed with Tourette's syndrome, you may be referred to specialists, such as:

Doctors who specialize in disorders of the brain (neurologists) are a psychiatrist or psychologist

It's a good idea to be well prepared for your appointment. Here's some information to help you get ready, and what to expect from your doctor.

What you can do

Be aware of any pre-appointment restrictions. At the time you make the appointment, ask if there's anything you need to do in advance, such as restrict your diet. Write down any symptoms you or your child is experiencing, including any that may seem unrelated to the reason for which you scheduled the appointment Write down key personal information, including any major stresses or any recent life changes. Make a list of all medications, vitamins or supplements that you or your child takes. Record a video, if possible, of regular behavior, for the doctor to see. Your questions to ask the doctor.

Your time with your doctor is limited; So preparing a list of questions can help you ensure that you make the most of your time. List your questions from most important to least important to be prepared in case time runs out. For Tourette syndrome, some basic questions to ask your doctor include:

What treatment do I need, if any? If medication is recommended, what are the goods? What types of behavioral therapy might help?

Don't hesitate to ask other questions during your appointment at any time if you don't understand something or need more information.

What to expect from your doctor

Your doctor is likely to ask you a number of questions. Being prepared to answer doctors' questions may allow you time to cover other points you need to discuss. Your doctor may ask the following questions:

When did the symptoms begin? Are your symptoms continuous or occasional? How severe are your symptoms? What, if any, may improve your symptoms? What, if anything, appears to make your symptoms worse?